Feb 7th 2009 Feline Heart Disease
Just like humans, as cats age they can develop many diseases that affect their heart, kidneys and other organs. In older cats, the most common diseases are are cancer, renal or kidney disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism (disease of the thyroid gland), dental disease and heart disease. Cats age seven times faster than humans and examinations done by your veterinarian twice a year will help detect diseases earlier while they can still be treated. Diagnostic tests such as blood work, ECG, ultrasound and blood pressure monitoring can help detect problems sooner.
A common heart disease that affects cats is hypertrophic cardipmyopathy (HCM). HCM is found in cats more often than dogs. HCM is an acquired heart disease that causes the muscular walls of the ventricles to thicken. As the heart walls get thicker, heart function decreases. As the walls of the heart thicken, they aslo stiffen and loose the ability to contract efficiently. The narrow heart chamber holds a smaller volume of blood, so less blood is pumped out of the heart with each beat of the heart., This results in the amount of blood that once filled the heart is less than it should be and the heart muscle can’t contract as well to move the blood out of the heart into the body. The diseased heart has to pump harder and faster than normal to keep the blood flowing throughout the body. The resulting pressure begins to back up the blood into the lungs resulting in edema leading to congestive heart failure.
Sometimes, the faulty heart will develop changes in the conduction system that tells the heart when to contract. Irregular heart beats may develop in the diseased heart resulting in sudden death, similar to young athletes that die during practice.
Cardiomyopathy can also cause feline aortic thromboembolism or FATE. Blood clots can form on the valves of the heart and they sometimes break off the valve and lodge in the aorta leading to the legs. The dislodged blood clot causes blockage of the blood flow to the legs resulting in severe pain and paralysis. The blood clot is sometimes referred to as a saddle thrombus. About 40% of the cats recover from a saddle thrombus with intensive therapy and may regain use of their legs over time. However, these cats can still risk develop another episode and will continue to suffer from the primary heart condition.
Cats are very good as masking underlying physical problems and early screening is key to helping these cats live a full life. Your fat and lazy cat may actually be hiding a heart condition. Of course not all fat and lazy cats a have heart disease, but the only way to tell is with health exams by your veterinarian. Laboratory tests, such as, EKG, blood pressure monitoring and ultrasound can help the veterinarian diagnose heart disease. Ultrasound is the only way to truly detect the thickened walls of the heart and is now used to screen our young human athletes as well.
Medications can help cats with their heart function, reduce the edema in their lungs and may help reduce the blood clot formations. The prognosis for a cat that has already developed the congestive heart failure is guarded, and even with medication, survival rates are 12-18 months after diagnosis and sudden death can occur at any time.
At your cat’s next health check, speak with your veterinarian about developing a wellness plan for yor cat. By diagnosing disease conditions earlier, small changes in diet and adding medication can help your cat live longer.
You can find more on Cat Health Care at LuvUrCat.com
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